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Thursday 28 July 2016

Structure

Structure is a collection of elements of different data type under a single name.

A structure is declared using the keyword struct followed by the structure name (tagname).

struct tagname

{

datatype member1;

datatype member2;

datatype memberN;

};

Here,

Declaring a structure creates a template that describes the characteristics of its members.
struct is a keyword.
tagname is the structure name.
Here struct tagname becomes the datatype.
member1, member2,.... memberN are the members of the structure.
So, structure variables can be declared using struct tagname.
The elements of a structure are referred as members.
Every structure template should end with semicolon.
Declaration of the structure template does not reserve any space in memory for the members; space is reserved only when variables of this structure type are declared.
Members are not variables; they don't have any existence till they are attached with a structure variable.
Member names inside a structure should be different from one another; but these names can be similar to any other variable name declared outside the structure.
Member names inside 2 different structures can also be same.
Structure template can be declared gloably / locally.

Example:

#include<stdio.h>

struct student

{

char name[20];

int rollno;

float mark;

};

main()

{

struct student S1;

printf("\nEnter name rollno and mark of a student:");

scanf("%s %d %f", S1.name, &S1.rollno, &S1.mark );

printf("\n Name is %s \n Rollno is %d \n Mark is %f", S1.name, S1.rollno, S1.mark );

}

Output:

Enter name rollno and mark of a student: aaa 21 98

Name is aaa

Rollno is 21

Mark is 98.000000